A method for determination of the parameter α, relating actinic light intensity values in units of power/(unit area) to values in units of reciprocal seconds, is presented in this work for isolated and membrane-bound RCs. This method uses an approach that applies the classical Bouguer–Lambert–Beer (BLB) formalism and is shown to give reasonably good results when scattering effects are present. Materials and methods Samples Isolated RCs from the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides strain R26 and membrane-bound ALK inhibitor RCs

from the antennae-free strain RC01 were used for this study. Isolated RCs were prepared with either LDAO (lauryl-N,N,-dimethylamine-N-oxide)

or Triton X-100 detergent buffer solution. RC concentrations were determined from their absorption using the molar absorption coefficient of 2.88 × 105 M−1 cm−1 at 802 nm (Straley et al. 1973) and ranged from 1 to 2 μM. The absorbance ratio \( \fracA_280 A_800 \) for isolated RCs ranged from 1.25 to 1.35, demonstrating good purity. LDAO sample Isolated BX-795 molecular weight RCs were prepared from photosynthetic membranes using the detergent LDAO according to the procedure described previously (Feher and selleck inhibitor Okamura 1978). Following purification on a column of oxiapatite, RCs were suspended in a solution of 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH = 8.0), 1 mM EDTA, and 0.025% LDAO. The RC suspension was then dialyzed against an excess of the detergent LDAO (0.05%, pH 7.5) according to conventional methods. Quinone reconstitution was carried out to increase the Q B site occupancy by adding

Sulfite dehydrogenase the ubiquinone isoprene homologue ubiquinone-4 (Q-4), as opposed to the RCs naturally occurring 10 isoprenoid unit ubiquinone-10 (Q-10), in a concentration ~5–10 times that of the RC concentration. Triton X-100 sample Isolated RCs were prepared from photosynthetic membranes using the detergent LDAO and a poly-histidine tag for rapid isolation according to the procedure described previously (Feher and Okamura 1978; Lin et al. 2001; Goldsmith and Boxer 1996). Following purification on a column of oxiapatite, RCs were suspended in 10 mM Tris–HCl buffer with 0.05% LDAO, pH 7.5. The RC suspension was then dialyzed against an excess of the detergent Triton X-100 (0.05%, pH 7.5) according to conventional methods. No quinone reconstitution procedure was used for this sample. Membrane-bound RCs Membrane-bound RCs from the Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain RCO1 were used. This strain lacks both LH1 and LH2 antenna complexes and is a photosynthetically competent strain that may contain active cytochrome bc1 complexes. The ratio of RCs to bc1 complexes was approximately 3:1 and the cytochrome c2 was depleted in these membranes (Jones et al. 1992).