We investigated the

hemostatic efficacy of Ankaferd BloodStopper for partial nephrectomy.

Materials and Methods: A total of 24 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 each. Group I underwent partial nephrectomy with hilar control as the conventional technique. selleck chemicals Group 2 underwent the conventional technique with hemostatic agent application. Group 3 underwent hemostatic agent application to the renal parenchyma. In Group 4 partial nephrectomy was performed and the hemostatic agent was used without hilar control. Warm ischemia and partial nephrectomy times, and the number of hemostatic agent applications were recorded. Histopathological evaluations were completed. The Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Mean kidney size was 2 x 2.5 x 0.05 cm. Mean partial nephrectomy time was 3.7, 2.7, 1.8 and 3.2 minutes in groups 1 to 4, respectively, which was significantly different between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.007). Warm ischemia time in group 3 was less than in group 1 (p

= 0.011). The number of hemostatic agent applications was higher in groups 3 and 4 compared to those in group 2 (p = 0.003). Glomerular necrosis IPI-549 was detected at a higher rate in group 1 compared to that in groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.015). Calcification formed significantly more in group 1 than in groups 2 to 4 (p <0.05). Erythrocyte aggregation was greater in groups 2 to 4 than in group 1 (p = 0.015). Farnesyltransferase Giant cell reaction, fibrosis, inflammation and microvascular proliferation were

not statistically different among the groups (p >0.05).

Conclusions: Ankaferd BloodStopper decreases partial nephrectomy and warm ischemia times, and provides hemostasis. Erythrocyte aggregation confirmed the hemostatic action of the agent, while the absence of glomerular necrosis and calcification may have positive relevance.”
“We present an automatic method for selecting regions of interest (ROIs) of the information contained in three-dimensional functional brain images using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), where each Gaussian incorporates a contiguous brain region with similar activation. The novelty of the approach is based on approximating the grey-level distribution of a brain image by a sum of Gaussian functions, whose parameters are determined by a maximum likelihood criterion via the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Each Gaussian or cluster is represented by a multivariate Gaussian function with a center coordinate and a certain shape. This approach leads to a drastic compression of the information contained in the brain image and serves as a starting point for a variety of possible feature extraction methods for the diagnosis of brain diseases. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We investigated the functional role of K(+) channels for regulating spontaneous activity in mouse bladder detrusor smooth muscle.

The varied permissivity of cell lines to vhs-null infection may stem from differences in the resilience of the translation machinery or the ability to control the accumulation of mRNAs.”
“Background: The relationship between depression and the metabolic syndrome is unclear, and whether metabolic syndrome explains the association between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is unknown. Methods: We

studied 652 women who received coronary angiography as part of the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Women who had both elevated depressive symptoms (BD1 >= 10) and a previous diagnosis of depression were considered at highest risk, whereas those with one of the two conditions represented an intermediate PF-02341066 supplier group. The metabolic syndrome was defined https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz015666.html according

to the ATP-III criteria. The main outcome was incidence of adverse CVD events (hospitalizations for myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, and CVD-related mortality) over a median follow-up of 5.9 years. Results: After adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle and functional status, both depression categories were associated with about 60% increased odds for metabolic syndrome compared with no depression (p = .03). The number of metabolic syndrome risk factors increased gradually across the three depression categories (p = .003). During follow-up, 104 women (15.9%) experienced CVD events. Etomoxir clinical trial In multivariable analysis, women

with both elevated symptoms and a previous diagnosis of depression had 2.6 times higher risk of CVD. When metabolic syndrome was added to the model, the risk associated with depression only decreased by 7%, and both depression and metabolic syndrome remained significant predictors of CVD. Conclusions: In women with suspected coronary artery disease, the metabolic syndrome is independently associated with depression but explains only a small portion of the association between depression and incident CVD.”
“A recent (2007 to 2009) dengue outbreak caused by dengue virus (DENV) in Paraguay presented unusual severe clinical outcomes associated with 50% mortality rates. Although it has been reported that inflammatory responses influence the severity of dengue virus infection (T. Pang, M. J. Cardosa, and M. G. Guzman, Immunol. Cell Biol. 85:43-45, 2007), there remains a paucity of information on virus-innate immunity interactions influencing clinical outcome.

The second patient, a 77-year-old woman who presented with a 5.5-cm aneurysm at the origin of a previously bypassed aberrant artery on the distal aortic arch, was treated using bilateral carotid-subclavian bypasses through neck incisions and a thoracic endoluminal graft exclusion of the arch aneurysm that covered both subclavian arteries.”
“Terminal Schwann cells (tSCs) are non-myelinating glia that wrap the nerve terminal at

the neuromuscular junction. They are required for the maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse and are likely to play essential roles in the restoration of synaptic connections after nerve injury. tSCs acquire a reactive 4SC-202 cost phenotype after nerve damage characterized by the extension of cellular processes that may facilitate reinnervation. The molecular signaling events underpinning the tSC reactive state remain elusive, in particular, little is known about transcription factors involved in the transcriptional reprogramming during tSC activation. Prior research implicated nine

members of the zinc-finger transcription factor family in Schwann cell (SC) development and myelination, and levels of one such protein were reported increased in other non-myelinating SCs after denervation. We hypothesize that zinc-finger transcription factors could play a role during tSC activation. Because of their relative paucity, tSCs are difficult to study molecularly. Here, we used the rat cervical sympathetic trunk (CST), an autonomic PI3K inhibitor nerve in which non-myelinating SCs are the predominant cell type, to isolate zinc-finger protein (ZFP) cDNAs

by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We isolated 29 unique ZFP sequences of which zinc proliferation 1 (Zipro1) was the most abundant. We found that after CST transection, levels for Zipro1 mRNA doubled and that Zipro1 protein expression increased in non-myelinating CST SCs. We also determined that Zipro1 is expressed in tSCs and its levels increased following skeletal muscle denervation. Thus, Zipro1 is a good candidate for a transcription factor involved in activation of non-myelinating SCs in general, and tSCs in particular. (C) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Intrathoracic carotid bifurcation is rare with only five other cases reported. This anatomic variant NU7026 chemical structure with posteromedial origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA) appears to be part of the Klippel-Feil syndrome, a rare congenital defect characterized by fusion of the cervical vertebrae. Caution is advised when planning thoracic and cervical vascular procedures. Angiography carries higher risk of unintentional ICA catheterization due to the short common carotid artery length. The intrathoracic location of the carotid bifurcation makes endarterectomy difficult and patients may do better with carotid artery stenting. Ultrasound can be confusing in these patients and MRA may be preferable.

In response to 5, 250 and 2000 Hz, NOS1-deficient animals had significantly higher current vocalization thresholds compared with wild-type. Genetic deficiency of NOS2 was associated with higher current vocalization thresholds in response to 5 Hz (C-fiber) stimulation. In contrast, NOS3-deficient animals had an overall weak trend toward lower current vocalization thresholds at 5 Hz and significantly lower current vocalization threshold compared with wild-type animals at 250 and 2000 Hz. Therefore, NOSs distinctively affect baseline mouse current see more vocalization threshold and appear to play a role

on nocifensive response to electrical stimulation of sensory nerve fibers. (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Higher mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass may improve cerebral outcome associated selleck products with cerebral air embolism by increasing

emboli clearance and collateral flow to salvage the ischemic penumbra. However, this may come at the expense of increased delivery of embolic load. This study was designed to investigate the influence of mean arterial pressures on cerebral functional and histologic outcome after cerebral air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass in an established rat model.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 90 minutes of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with 10 cerebral air embolisms (0.3 mu L/bolus) injected repetitively. Rats were randomized to 3 groups (n = 10, each) that differed in mean arterial pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass: 50 mm Hg (low mean arterial pressure), 60 to 70 mm Hg (standard mean arterial pressure), and 80 mm Hg (high mean arterial pressure). Neurologic score was assessed on postoperative days 3 and 7 when cerebral infarct volumes were determined. Cognitive function was determined with the Morris water maze test beginning on postoperative day 3 and continuing to postoperative day 7.

Results: Neurologic score was better in high and standard mean arterial pressure groups versus low mean

arterial pressure groups. High mean arterial pressure resulted in shorter water maze latencies compared with standard and low mean arterial pressure on postoperative days 6 and 7. Total infarct volume ARN-509 molecular weight and number of infarct areas were not different among groups.

Conclusions: The use of higher mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass in a rat model of cerebral air embolism conveyed beneficial effects on functional cerebral outcome with no apparent disadvantage of increased delivery of embolic load. Maintaining higher perfusion pressures in situations of increased cerebral embolic load may be considered as a collateral therapeutic strategy. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142: 424-9)”
“The therapeutic use of proteins has created an increasing demand for feasible and economical methods for both up- and downstream processes.

In contrast, the levels of accumulated hyperphosphorylated tau markedly increased in the cerebral cortices of DSP4-treated female but not male APP-transgenic mice. Our results suggest that innervation from LC neurons and testosterone secretion are potent and mutually independent suppressors of amyloid-related accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A broad Gag-specific CD8(+) T-cell response is associated

with effective control of adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The association of certain HLA class I molecules, such as HLA-B*57, -B*5801, and -B*8101, with immune control is linked JSH-23 to mutations within Gag epitopes presented by these alleles that allow HIV

to evade the immune response but that also reduce viral replicative capacity. Transmission of such viruses containing mutations within Gag epitopes results in lower viral loads in adult recipients. In this study of pediatric infection, we tested the hypothesis that children may tend to progress relatively slowly if either they themselves possess one of the protective HLA-B alleles or the mother possesses one of these alleles, thereby transmitting a low-fitness Selleckchem Entospletinib virus to the child. We analyzed HLA type, CD8(+) T-cell responses, and viral sequence changes for 61 mother-child pairs from Durban, South Africa, who were monitored from birth. Slow progression was significantly associated with the mother or child possessing one of the protective HLA-B alleles, and more significantly so when the protective allele was not shared by mother and child (P = 0.007). Slow progressors tended to make CD8(+) T-cell responses to Gag epitopes presented by the protective HLA-B alleles, in contrast to progressors expressing the same alleles (P = 0.07; Fisher’s exact test). Selleck VX-661 Mothers expressing the protective alleles were significantly more likely to transmit escape variants within the Gag epitopes presented by those alleles than mothers not expressing those

alleles (75% versus 21%; P = 0.001). Reversion of transmitted escape mutations was observed in all slow-progressing children whose mothers possessed protective HLA-B alleles. These data show that HLA class I alleles influence disease progression in pediatric as well as adult infection, both as a result of the CD8(+) T-cell responses generated in the child and through the transmission of low-fitness viruses by the mother.”
“Various factors, including maturity, have been shown to influence peripheral nerve excitability measures, but little is known about differences in these properties between axons with different stimulation thresholds. Multiple nerve excitability tests were performed on the caudal motor axons of immature and mature female rats, recording from tail muscles at three target compound muscle action potential (CMAP) levels: 10%, 40% (“”standard”" level), and 60% of the maximum CMAP amplitude.

All rights reserved.”
“The development of the complex network graphs permits us to describe any real system such as social, neural, computer or genetic networks by transforming real properties in topological indices

(TIs). This work uses Randic’s star networks in order to convert the protein primary structure data in specific topological indices that are used to construct a natural/random protein classification model.

The set of natural proteins contains 1046 protein chains selected from the pre-compiled CulledPDB list from PISCES Dunbrack’s Web Lab. This set is characterized by a protein homology of 20%, a structure resolution of 1.6 angstrom and R-factor lower than 25%. The set of random amino acid chains contains 1046 NU7026 molecular weight sequences which were generated by Python script according to the same type of residues and average chain length found in the natural set.

A new Sequence to Star Networks (S2SNet) wxPython GUI application (with a Graphviz graphics back-end) was designed by our group in order to transform any character sequence in the following star network topological indices: Shannon entropy selleck inhibitor of Markov matrices, trace of connectivity matrices, Harary number, Wiener index, Gutman index, Schultz index, Moreau-Broto indices, Balaban distance connectivity index, Kier-Hall connectivity indices and Randic connectivity index. The model was constructed with the General Discriminant Analysis methods from STATISTICA

package and gave training/predicting set accuracies of 90.77% for the forward stepwise model type.

In conclusion, this study extends for the first time the classical TIs to protein star network TIs by proposing a model that can predict if a protein/fragment of protein is natural or random using only the amino acid sequence data. This classification can be used in the studies of the protein functions by changing some fragments with random amino acid sequences or to detect the fake amino acid sequences or the errors in proteins. These results promote the use of the S2SNet application not only for protein structure analysis

but also for mass spectroscopy, clinical VX-809 in vitro proteomics and imaging, or DNA/RNA structure analysis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Recent findings suggest that specific deficits in neural synchrony and binding may underlie cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia and that key aspects of schizophrenia pathology involve discoordination and disconnection of distributed processes in multiple cortical areas associated with cognitive deficits. In the present study we aimed to investigate the underlying cortical mechanism of disturbed frontal-temporal-central-parietal connectivity in schizophrenia by examination of the synchronization patterns using wavelet phase synchronization index and coherence between all defined couples of 8 EEG signals recorded at different cortical sites in its relationship to positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

A subset of 7 patients (14%) underwent placement of the EndoSure wireless pressure measurement system (CardioMEMS, Inc, Atlanta, Ga) in the false lumen adjacent to the primary tear for monitoring aneurysm sac/false selleck inhibitor lumen pulse pressure after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Results: Mean patient age was 57 +/- 12 years (range, 30-82 years); 14 patients (28%) were female. Mean aortic diameter was 6.2 +/- 1.4 cm. There were no in-hospital/30-day deaths, strokes, or permanent paraplegia/paresis. There were no complications related to compromise of downstream branch vessels arising from the false lumen. Two patients (3.9%) who had preexisting ascending

aortic dilation had retrograde acute type A aortic dissection; both were repaired successfully. Median postoperative length of stay was 4 days. Mean follow-up is 27.0 +/- 16.5 months (range, 2-60 months). Actuarial overall survival is 77.7% at 60 months with an actuarial aorta-specific survival of 98% over this same time period. Actuarial freedom from reintervention is 77.3% at 60 months. find more All patients with the EndoSure wireless

pressure measurement system exhibited a decrease in aneurysm sac/false lumen pulse pressure indicating a depressurized false lumen. The aneurysm sac/false lumen pulse pressure ratio decreased from 52% +/- 27% at the predischarge measurement to 14% +/- 5% at the latest follow-up reading (P = .029).

Conclusions: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for chronic type B dissection with associated aneurysm is safe and effective at midterm follow-up. Aneurysm sac/false lumen pulse pressure measurements demonstrate a significant reduction in false lumen endotension, thus ruling out unless clinically significant persistent retrograde false lumen perfusion and provide proof of concept for a thoracic endovascular aortic repair-based approach. Longer-term follow-up is needed to determine the durability of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for

this aortic pathology. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:322-7)”
“Murine transgenic models of Alzheimer’s disease (Tg-AD) have been useful to analyze the contribution of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP), A beta 42 peptide deposition, and the proinflammatory mechanisms that characterize Alzheimer-type neuropathology. In this report, we have studied the levels of beta APP, A beta 40 and A beta 42 peptide, as well as the innate immune and inflammatory response-regulator complement factor H in the brain and retina in four different Tg-AD models including Tg2576, PSAPP, 3xTg-AD, and 5xFAD. Aged, symptomatic 5xFAD mice showed the highest retinal abundance of A beta 42 peptides and the highest deficits in complement factor H. This may be a useful model to study the mechanisms of amyloid-mediated inflammatory degeneration.

These results suggest that longitudinal treatment with olanzapine may be associated with specific changes in activity of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex during emotional processing in schizophrenia. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) increases the excitability of corticospinal (CS) pathways by altering circuits in motor cortex (M1). How NMES affects circuits interposed between the ascending afferent volley and descending CS pathways is not known. Presently, we hypothesized that short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) would be reduced and afferent facilitation (AF) enhanced when NMES increased CS excitability. NMES was

delivered for 40 min over the ulnar nerve. To assess CS excitability, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were evoked using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered at 120% AZD9291 research buy resting threshold for first dorsal interosseus muscle. These MEPs increased

by similar to 1.7-fold following NMES, demonstrating enhanced CS excitability. SAI and AF were tested by delivering a “”conditioning”" electrical stimulus to the ulnar nerve 18-25 ms and 28-35 ms before a “”test”" TMS pulse, respectively. Conditioned MEPs were compared to unconditioned MEPs evoked in the same trials. TMS was adjusted so unconditioned MEPs were not different before and after NMES. At the SAI interval, Ruboxistaurin datasheet conditioned MEPs were 25% smaller than unconditioned MEPs before NMES but conditioned and unconditioned MEPs were not different following NMES. At the AF interval, conditioned MEPs were not different from unconditioned

MEPs before NMES, but were facilitated by 33% following NMES. Thus, when NMES increases CS excitability there are concurrent changes in the effect of afferent input on M1 excitability, resulting in a net increase in the excitatory effect of the ascending afferent volley on CS circuits. Maximising this excitatory effect on M1 circuits may help strengthen CS pathways and improve functional outcomes of NMES-based rehabilitation programs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Ebola selleck virus (EBOV) causes a lethal hemorrhagic fever for which there is no approved effective treatment or prevention strategy. EBOV VP35 is a virulence factor that blocks innate antiviral host responses, including the induction of and response to alpha/ beta interferon. VP35 is also an RNA silencing suppressor (RSS). By inhibiting microRNA-directed silencing, mammalian virus RSSs have the capacity to alter the cellular environment to benefit replication. A reporter gene containing specific microRNA target sequences was used to demonstrate that prior expression of wild-type VP35 was able to block establishment of microRNA silencing in mammalian cells. In addition, wild-type VP35 C-terminal domain (CTD) protein fusions were shown to bind small interfering RNA (siRNA).

18; 95% CI, 1.06-16.51; P = .04), poor tibia] runoff (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.16-16.82; P = .03), and preprocedural neutrophil count in the third tertile (OF, 10.77; 95% CI, 2.19-52.91; P = .003) were independent predictors of outcome.

Conclusions. Veliparib mouse The results suggest that the preprocedural neutrophil count could be used in global risk factor assessment of patients with advanced PVD who are being considered for PTA. The neutrophil count may reflect the burden of atherosclerosis and tissue damage, and so could identify patients who need more aggressive intervention for advanced PVD. (J Vasc Surg 2008;48:1504-8.)”
“Low dose total-body gamma-irradiation (TBI) was reported to confer

neuroprotection against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. After being pretreated with a single low dose (0.5 Gy, 2.0 Gy or 3.5 Gy) TBI, C57BL/6 mice were administered with MPTP

(75 mg/kg, four times, 2 h apart) intraperitoneally (i.p.). In the group pretreated with 2.0 Gy TBI, with lower lymphocytes number, neuroprotection was found by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) determination of the striatal dopamine. Contrarily, in the group pretreated with 0.5 Gy TBI, with higher lymphocytes number, dopaminergic neuron toxicity was enhanced. So it was probably the decrease of lymphocytes, not the radiation hormesis that rendered the potential neuroprotection. And it was the balance between radiation injury and lymphocytopenia neuroprotection that decided the effect of low dose gamma-irradiation on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. (C) 2008 Elsevier

Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective:To investigate whether intermittent FRAX597 mouse pneumatic Defactinib compression (IPC) augments skin blood flow through transient suspension of local vasoregulation, the veno-arteriolar response (VAR), in healthy controls and in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods: Nineteen healthy, limbs and twenty-two limbs with PAD were examined. To assess VAR, skin blood flow (SBF) was measured using laser Doppler fluxmetry in the horizontal and sitting positions and was defined as percentage change with postural alteration [(horizontal SBF - sitting SBF)/horizontal SBF x 100]. On IPC application to the foot, the calf, or both, SBF was measured with laser Doppler fluxmetry, the probe being attached to the pulp of the big toe.

Results: Baseline VAR was higher in the controls 63.8 +/- 6.4% than in patients with PAD (31.7 +/- 13.4%, P = .0162). In both groups SBF was significantly higher with IPC than at rest (P < .0001). A higher percentage increase with IPC was demonstrated in the controls (242 +/- 85% to 788 +/- 318%) than in subjects with PAD, for each one of the three different IPC modes investigated (98 +/- 33% to 275 +/- 72%) with IPC was demonstrated. The SBF enhancement with IPC correlated with VAR for all three compression modes (r = 0.58, P = .002 for calf compression, r = 0.65, P < .0001 for foot compression alone, and r = 0.64, P = .

The

expression of human and rat DPPI was significantly higher in the human HEK293 cell line than that obtained with avian DPPI. A CHO K1SV stable cell line was selected as the optimal stable host system for production of human DPPI yielding expression levels higher than 1.5 g/L. The secreted pro-DPPI underwent auto-maturation during defined buffer conditions during the purification steps. Active human DPPI was purified with a three-step purification strategy employing: Butyl Sepharose 4 Fast Flow, Sephadex G-25 Medium and Q Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography. The final yield of active enzyme was approximately 1 g/L cell culture. The enzyme exhibited exopeptidase activity against both a dipeptide-p-nitroanilide substrate SU5402 solubility dmso and N-terminally extended MEAE-hGH (Met-Glu-Ala-Glu-human growth hormone). In conclusion, an efficient production process for recombinant human DPPI has been developed including a highly efficient and FK506 mw stable CHO cell system and an efficient purification procedure, which is simple and easy to scale for industrial purposes. The present data facilitates not only industrial applications of DPPI as a processing enzyme, but also provides active enzyme useful in the identification of small molecule inhibitors. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The present study investigated EEG alpha activity during visual Sternberg memory tasks using two different stimulus

presentation modes to elucidate how the presentation mode affected parietal alpha activity. EEGs were recorded from 10 healthy adults during the Sternberg tasks in which memory items were presented simultaneously and successively. EEG power and suppression time (ST) in CRT0066101 ic50 the alpha band (8-13 Hz) were computed for the memory maintenance and retrieval phases. The alpha activity differed according to the presentation mode during the maintenance phase but not during the retrieval phase. Results indicated that parietal alpha power recorded during the maintenance phase did not reflect the memory load alone. In contrast, ST during the retrieval phase increased with the memory load for both presentation modes, indicating a serial

memory scanning process, regardless of the presentation mode. These results indicate that there was a dynamic transition in the memory process from the maintenance phase, which was sensitive to external factors, toward the retrieval phase, during which the process converged on the sequential scanning process, the Sternberg task essentially required. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: For select men with low risk prostate cancer active surveillance is more often being considered a management strategy. In a multicenter retrospective study we evaluated the actuarial rates and predictors of remaining on active surveillance, the incidence of cancer progression and the pathological findings of delayed radical prostatectomy.