This will need to be verified empirically and future studies examining the role of longer acting products in PWH who are physically active are needed.

Overweight and obesity are associated with a more rapid decline in joint health in young males with haemophilia. A 10-year longitudinal find more study involving more than 6000 males with severe haemophilia under the age of 21 years, demonstrated a significant increase in limitation of lower limb joint range of motion in those who were overweight and obese compared to those with a normal BMI [63]. Maintaining body weight within the normal range therefore appears important to minimize the risk of joint deterioration. With the exception of prophylaxis, there are currently no evidence-based sports injury prevention strategies for children with haemophilia. While haemarthroses can occur in the absence of acute joint derangements, prevention of sports injury is paramount. Advice to children with haemophilia is, therefore, based on Ribociclib molecular weight guidelines in healthy children and there are relatively few evidence-based injury prevention strategies in children

and adolescents. To date, research on sports injury prevention in young healthy populations has focussed largely on the use of protective equipment and training programmes [64]. There has been little emphasis on rule changes and behavioural change in sport injury prevention research. The other limitation in injury prevention research is that most interventions have been directed at a particular sporting population or preventing a particular injury, for example, anterior cruciate ligament prevention programmes. This makes it difficult to devise widespread evidence-based injury prevention strategies. Proprioceptive and neuromuscular

training programmes have been shown to reduce lower limb injuries in sport [65]. Randomized control trials involving balance training alone or in combination with strength and plyometric training, selleck chemicals llc have shown a significant decrease in reported lower limb injuries in adolescents and young adults, with training programmes that range from once weekly to seven times weekly and which run for a duration of 3–12 months [66-70]. While these training programmes reduce injury during the timeframe of the research study, injury rates often return to pretrial levels following conclusion of the studies highlighting the difficulty of putting effective training strategies in to practice [71]. Protective equipment has an important role for PWH competing in certain sports. There are two broad categories of protective equipment that reduce risk of injury. One type is for joint stabilization, for example, ankle taping or bracing, while the other type is designed to disperse contact forces, for example, shin pads and bicycle helmets.