The usage of heavy oil and possibly new technologies in marine engines, which emit more enriched N-15 in

comparison to older engines, caused the spatial isotopic differences. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“A best evidence topic was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether on-pump beating heart coronary artery bypass (BH-ONCAB) surgery has a different outcome profile in comparison to off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). A total of 205 papers were found by systematic search of which 7 provided the largest and most recent outcome analysis comparing BH-ONCAB with OPCAB, and represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, date, journal, study type, population, main outcome measures and results were tabulated. Reported outcome measures included mortality, stroke, AZD6738 ic50 myocardial infarction, renal failure, myocardial damage, change in ejection fraction, number of bypass grafts and completeness of revascularization. HDAC inhibitor With the exception of one study that favoured the off-pump technique, our review did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in terms of mortality between the groups. We did not identify a statistically significant

difference in any reported morbidity outcomes. However, there was a trend towards better outcomes for the on-pump beating heart technique, despite AZD1152 in vitro a higher risk profile in terms of age, ejection fraction and burden of coronary disease in this group. Consistent statistically significant differences between the groups were the mean number of grafts performed and the completeness of revascularization, both of which were higher with the on-pump beating heart technique. Limitations to the current evidence include the finding that most of the current data arise from specialist off-pump surgeons or centres that would usually only carry out BH-ONCAB in the higher risk patients where the added safety of cardiopulmonary bypass is desired.”
“Matrix stiffness (resistance to deformation), one of the many mechanical forces acting on cells, is increasingly appreciated as an important mediator of cell

behavior. It regulates cell signaling broadly, with effects on growth, survival, and motility. Although the stiffness optima for different kinds of adherent cells vary widely, it is generally true that cell proliferation and differentiation increase with the stiffness of the matrix. This review summarizes recent data exploring the nature of matrix stiffness, mechanotransducers, and the many effects of changes in stiffness on cell function. Particular mention is made of data suggesting that cells of the liver are mechanosensitive, highlighting the potential importance of these findings in understanding the biology of normal and diseased liver.”
“Application of transformation and other biotechnological tools in avocado (Persea americana Mill.