The Golgi apparatus

was occasionally found, and its cisternae were usually swollen. Lipofuscin was also observed in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria were well-preserved (Fig. 7). In addition, autophagosomes were increased in number. They localized widely in perikaryon occasionally with grouping, and engulfed some pieces of cytoplasm Ponatinib chemical structure or membranous structures in large or small vacuoles. Membrane-bound globular dense bodies of 0.3–1.8 µm in diameter were found in the cerebrum. One or several of these structures were observed in both perikarya and dendrites of the neuron. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells were atrophic with high electron density. Nuclei of Purkinje cells were shrunken with aggregation of chromatin, and the nuclear membrane was occasionally indistinct. Many autophagosomes which were seen in cerebral neurons were also found in the perikarya of Purkinje cells. The Golgi apparatus showed enlargement of the cisternae. Membrane-bound dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells. Granule cells in the cerebellum were focally atrophic with high electron density. Others were clear with Cisplatin an edematous perikaryon. A few free ribosomes were found in each of the atrophic granule cells, but they were rare in swollen granule cells. Parallel fibers were mixed

in the molecular layer. Parallel fibers were well-preserved, but their size was not uniform. The spines of Purkinje cells showed high electron density. These spines formed synaptic contacts to the big parallel fibers. The terminals of presynapses were enlarged and contained large mitochondria or synaptic vesicles (Fig. 8). A report from the Second Department of Pathology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine in 1959, indicated that organic mercury was the most probable cause of MD.18 One week later, Hosokawa et al. initiated an experiment in order to assess the toxicity of industrial wastewater from the acetaldehyde plant but the results were not published until 2001.12 Pathological changes caused by Me-Hg occur predominantly in selective areas of the cerebrum, including the calcarine region,

the post- and precentral gyri and the temporal transverse gyrus.19 PIK3C2G These are localized near the deep sulci, comprising the calcarine fissure, central sulci (Roland’s fissure) and Sylvian’s fissure (Figs 3,4). Ischemia may be a result of the compression of arteries by edema of the adjacent tissues. Studies of acute Me-Hg poisoning in marmosets revealed edema in the white matter of occipital lobes. In acute cases of Me-Hg poisoning, neuron loss with gliosis was found in all layers of the cortex. The second and third layers of cortices are damaged in moderate or mild cases of poisoning. As a result of the location of the pathological changes, there were bilateral concentric constriction of the visual fields and impairment of visual acuity.