Such reconstruction is usually technically demanding and requires much precision. We describe

a simple alternative method, which we have carried out in 3 patients, aged 1 week, 3 years and 12 years, respectively, with good early results.”
“The number of carbon atoms and/or ester/polyether groups in spacer chains may influence the interaction of functional monomers with calcium and dentin. The present study assessed the chemical interaction and bond strength of 5 standard-synthesized phosphoric-acid ester functional monomers with different spacer chain characteristics, by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), ATR-FTIR, thin-film APR-246 clinical trial x-ray diffraction (TF-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microtensile bond strength (TBS). The tested functional monomers were 2-MEP (two-carbon spacer chain), 10-MDP (10-carbon), 12-MDDP (12-carbon), MTEP (more hydrophilic polyether spacer chain), and CAP-P (intermediate hydrophilicity ester spacer). The intensity of monomer-calcium salt formation measured by AAS differed in the order of 12-MDDP=10-MDP>CAP-P>MTEP>2-MEP. FTIR and SEM analyses of monomer-treated dentin surfaces showed resistance https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-809.html to rinsing for all monomer-dentin bonds, except

with 2-MEP. TF-XRD confirmed the weaker interaction of 2-MEP. Highest mu TBS was observed for 12-MDDP and 10-MDP. A shorter spacer chain (2-MEP) of phosphate functional monomers induced formation of unstable monomer-calcium salts, and lower chemical interaction and dentin bond see more strength. The presence of ester or ether groups within longer spacer carbon chains (CAP-P and MTEP) may affect the hydrophilicity, TBS, and also the formation of monomer-calcium salts.”
“Atlases and statistical models play important roles in the personalization and simulation of cardiac physiology. For

the study of the heart, however, the construction of comprehensive atlases and spatio-temporal models is faced with a number of challenges, in particular the need to handle large and highly variable image datasets, the multi-region nature of the heart, and the presence of complex as well as small cardiovascular structures. In this paper, we present a detailed atlas and spatio-temporal statistical model of the human heart based on a large population of 3D+ time multi-slice computed tomography sequences, and the framework for its construction. It uses spatial normalization based on non-rigid image registration to synthesize a population mean image and establish the spatial relationships between the mean and the subjects in the population.