Pharmacological investigation AS1842856 nmr on two compounds obtained in this study showed that part of them had anti-inflammatory activities.”
“A new lactone was isolated from the leaves of Xylocarpus granatum, along with three known compounds: triacontanol, -sitosterol and kaempferol-3-O–D-glucoside. Its structure was elucidated as

3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4-butyrolactone (1) by infrared, 1H and 13C NMR and ESI-MS data. At a concentration of 20 mu g mL-1, the new lactone gave a 67.4% inhibition rate against wheat powdery mildew.”
“In this study, the potential for development of an animal model (GPG46) capable of rapidly detecting chemical carcinogenicity and the underlying mechanisms of action were examined in gpt delta rats using a reporter gene assay to detect mutations and a medium-term rat liver bioassay to detect tumor promotion. The tentative protocol for the GPG46 model was developed based on the results of dose-response exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treatment with phenobarbital over time following DEN administration. Briefly, gpt delta rats were exposed to various chemicals for 4 weeks, followed by a partial hepatectomy (PH) to collect samples for an in vivo mutation assay. The mutant frequencies (MEs) of the reporter genes were examined as an indication

of tumor initiation. A single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 10 mg/kg DEN was administered to

rats 18 h after the PH to initiate hepatocytes. Tumor-promoting activity was evaluated based on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental XMU-MP-1 form (GST-P)-positive foci at week 10. The genotoxic carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinolone (IQ) and safrole (SF), the non-genotoxic carcinogens Alvocidib piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and phenytoin (PHE), the non-carcinogen acetaminophen (APAP) and the genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogen aristolochic acid (AA) were tested to validate the GPG46 model. The validation results indicate that the GPG46 model could be a powerful tool in understanding chemical carcinogenesis and provide valuable information regarding human risk hazards. (DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.19; J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26: 19-27)”
“Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extracts from root barks of Dictamnus dasycarpus led to the isolation of three new compounds, named as dasycarpusenester A (1), dasycarpusester B (2), dasycarpusacid (3). Their structures were elucidated as (2S)-4-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-2-hydroxypent-3-enoic acid methyl ester (1), (2R)-4-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-2-hydroxypent-3-anoic acid methyl ester (2), and (2S)-4-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-2-hydroxypent-3-anoic acid (3), respectively, on the basis of modern spectroscopic methods and chemical analysis.