In the group of carcinomas, comparison of serum cytokine levels between the groups of different histological type and grade was performed with the Kruskal–Wallis test. The Cox proportional hazard
regression model was used to evaluate the effect of explanatory variables on overall survival. Five-year overall survival was calculated from the date of primary surgery, to the date of death or status after five years. In the univariate analyses, age, stage, histological type and grade, residual tumor volume, and the cytokines that were elevated in the group of carcinomas were the parameters analyzed. In the analyses of histology, we chose to compare serous and non-serous tumors. The parameters with p-values <0.2 in the univariate analyses were included in a multivariate
analysis. In all analyses, p-values <0.05 were considered significant. selleck chemicals llc The mean age at diagnosis was 63.8 years (±11.6 years) in the carcinoma group, 54.8 years (±14.4 years) in the borderline group, and 59.2 years (±13.6 years) in the benign group. There was no significant difference in median BMI between the groups (carcinomas 25.8 (17.0–43.4) kg/m2, borderline 25.1 (20.7–34.4) kg/m2, benign 24.4 (17.5–35.1) kg/m2, p = 0.346). Other characteristics are listed in Table 1. The serum levels of CA 125, IL-8, adiponectin, resistin, PAI-1 and leptin (median and range) in the groups of carcinomas, borderline and benign tumors are listed in Fig. 1. Interleukin (IL)-1β,
IL-1 Ra, IL-2, IL-2R, Saracatinib IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interferon (INF)α, INFγ, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, human monokine induced by INFγ (HU-MIG), eotaxin, rantes, and MCP-1 were detected Pembrolizumab clinical trial in less than 80% of the samples and were therefore not included in further analyses. We demonstrate significant differences between carcinomas, borderline tumors, and benign tumors in the serum levels of CA 125, IL-8, and PAI-1 (Fig. 1). In separate analyses, including only the carcinomas, there were no differences in serum levels of CA 125, IL-8 or PAI-1 related to histological type or tumor grade. The cases of advanced stage (FIGO stages III and IV) had significantly higher serum levels of CA 125 and IL-8, compared to the cases of early stage cancer (FIGO stages I and II) (median CA125 of 932 vs. 377 KU/L, p = 0.005 and median IL-8 of 40 vs. 30 pg/mL, p = 0.049, respectively). As mentioned above, we have previously measured serum HGF in the same study population (11). Of the 123 women included in the previous study, sera were only available from 113 women. The median serum HGF level of the 113 women included in the present study was 2717.4 (55–16,689) pg/ml in the carcinoma group, 1668 (177–7955) pg/ml in the borderline group, and 1271 (74–4644) pg/ml in the benign group.