Here we show that mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intradermal injection of MCP-1 in the rat is blocked by the intrathecal administration of isolectin B4 (IB4)-saporin, a selective neurotoxin for IB4(+)/Ret(+)-nociceptors. MCP-1-induced hyperalgesia is also attenuated by intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting mRNA for versican, a molecule
that binds MCP-1 and that also renders the Ret-expressing nociceptors IB4-positive (+). Finally, peripheral administration of ADAMTS-4 or chondroitinase ABC, two enzymes that disrupt versican integrity by the degradation of the versican core-protein or its chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains, respectively, also attenuated MCPA hyperalgesia at the site of nociceptive testing. We suggest that versican’s glycosaminoglycan side chains present MCP-1 to a CCR2 expressing cell type in the skin that, in turn, selectively Selisistat in vivo activates IB4(+)/Ret(+) nociceptors, buy GKT137831 thereby contributing to enhanced mechanical sensitivity under inflammatory conditions. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Mobile phones
are widely used globally. However, the biological effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by mobile phones are largely unknown. Environmental and occupational exposure of humans to -rays is a biologically relevant phenomenon. Consequently studies were undertaken to examine the interactions between -rays and EMF on human health. In this study, exposure to 900-MHz EMF expanded -ray damage to SHG44 cells. Preexposure EMF enhanced the decrease in cell proliferation selleck compound induced by -ray irradiation and the rate of apoptosis. The combination of EMF and -ray exposure resulted in a synergistic effect by triggering stress response, which increased reactive oxygen species, but the expression of hsp70 at both mRNA and protein levels remained unaltered. Data indicate that the adverse effects of -rays on cellular functions are strengthened by EMF.”
“Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is a common animal model for anterior uveitis in humans that causes
long-term changes in trigeminal brain stem neurons. This study used c-fos immunohistochemistry to assess the effects of different routes of administration of endotoxin on activation of trigeminal brain stem neurons produced by ocular surface stimulation. A single dose of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) given to male rats by systemic (i.p., 1 mg/kg) or intraocular (ivt, 20 mu g) routes increased the number of Fos-positive neurons in rostral (trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/subnucleus transition (Vi/Vc)) and caudal portions of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical spinal cord transition (VC/C(1-2))) by 20% mustard oil (MO) applied to the ocular surface 7 days, but not at 2 days, after LPS compared with naive rats. l.c.v.