Each Gaussian curve was defined as $$ F(\uplambda) = \alpha \cdot \texte^\frac – (\lambda – \beta )^2 2\gamma^2 $$ (1)where F denotes PF-04929113 purchase the fluorescence at waveband λ, and α the magnitude, β the centre wavelength, and γ the standard deviation of the curve. We assumed no change in the value of β and γ between F 0 and F m for any given sample. The least squares difference between measured F 0 or F m (625–690 nm) and the fluorescence of three pigment components (phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and Chla) was minimized, MK-4827 in vitro allowing up to 2.5% deviation of the fit at the pigment fluorescence maxima. Fitted spectra of N. spumigena HEM and Synechococcus sp. 9201 are presented in Fig. 9 as examples of the fit results.

The fit results for N. spumigena HEM (Fig. 9a, b) clearly show the variable component of fluorescence from allophycocyanin. In Synechococcus (Fig. 9c, d), it was less obvious, but present, while

the overlap of PBS pigment fluorescence with Chla fluorescence was stronger. Table 2 Fitting criteria for representation of F 0 and F m fluorescence Selleckchem MK-1775 using Gaussian curves Pigment Gaussian parameter α β (nm) γ (nm) Phycocyanin (PC) F m ≥ F 0 ≥ 0 600–646, F m = F 0 10–12, F m = F 0 Allophycocyanin (APC) F m ≥ F 0 ≥ 0 655–663, F m = F 0 10–12, F m = F 0 Chla F m ≥ F 0 ≥ 0 682–685, F m = F 0 10–12, F m = F 0 Fig. 9 Fluorescence emission spectra at F 0 and F m of two cyanobacteria illustrating Gaussian band decomposition into the contributions of Chla and phycobilipigments (see text), and the occurrence of a variable component to the fluorescence

attributed to phycobilipigments. a F 0(590,λ) of Nodularia spumigena HEM, b F m(590,λ) of N. spumigena HEM, c F 0(590,λ) of Synechococcus sp. CCY9201, d F m(590,λ) of Synechococcus sp. CCY9201 When F v/F m data are interpreted in terms of the quantum yield of charge separation in PSII, we assume that observed F v/F m originates fully from Chla located in PSII. This concept is challenged in cyanobacteria where PBS pigment and Chla fluorescence may overlap. Using the Gaussian components of F 0 Bacterial neuraminidase and F m, we can express the variable fluorescence of [F v/F m]Chla which is the ‘true’ F v/F m that is related to electron transport in PSII. The variable fluorescence that is actually observed is referred to as [F v/F m]obs. The similarity of [F v/F m]obs and [F v/F m]Chla , where lower values correspond to increased dampening of [F v/F m]obs by overlapping pigment fluorescence, can thus be expressed as $$ 1 0 0 \text\%\,\cdot\,\frac[F_\textv /F_\textm ]_\textobs [F_\textv /F_\textm ]_\textChla . $$ (2) In the absence of phycobilipigments we assume that [F v/F m]Chla  = [F v/F m]obs. This was indeed the case for all algal cultures. B. submarina gave an average (± standard deviation) similarity of 99.6 ± 0.7% (n = 7), and T. pseudonana gave 100 ± 1.5% (n = 8).