0 ± 215.7 581 258.4 ± 257.9  Nocturia   No 341 163.9 ± 200.9 0.003 523 224.7 ± 246.7

<0.001   Yes 50 257.9 ± 238.1 Elafibranor cell line 154 302.1 ± 264.1  Much difficulty in sleep   No 317 169.4 ± 199.8 0.15 532 239.0 ± 150.6 0.71   Yes 75 208.3 ± 239.7 143 247.9 ± 255.1  Season   PF-04929113 supplier summer 102 124.3 ± 160.0 0.003 188 201.8 ± 221.6 0.01   Winter 291 194.8 ± 219.8 494 257.8 ± 261.9 Continuous variables  Age (year)   30.3 (13.6, 46.8) <0.001   29.0 (11.1, 46.8) 0.002  eGFR (10 mL/min/1.73 m2)   −26.0 (−42.2, −9.8) 0.002   −39.7 (−55.4, −24.0) <0.001  SBP (10 mmHg)   52.6 (42.8, 62.4) <0.001   58.5 (48.9, 68.2) <0.001  DBP (10 mmHg)   45.8 (27.8, 63.7) <0.001   39.2 (22.9, 55.6) <0.001  24-h mean SBP (5 mmHg)   58.5 (55.8, 61.2) <0.001   67.9 (65.6, 70.1) <0.001  24-h mean SBP (10 mmHg)   117.0 (111.7, 122.4) <0.001   135.7 (131.3, 140.1) <0.001  BMI (1 kg/m2)   11.2 (6.6, 15.8) <0.001   9.0 (3.1, 14.9) 0.003  Nocturnal BP change (10 %)   −60.9 (−83.1, −38.7) <0.001   −61.1 (−82.2, −40.0) <0.001  Morning surge (10 mmHg)  

14.2 (1.7, 26.6) 0.03   5.5 (−6.2, 17.1) 0.36 Data were mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. The relationship between HBI and individual factors was evaluated in males and females. The p values MK-4827 order for continuous variables were used t test (two groups) or an analysis of variance (three or more groups), and the p values for categorical variables were used simple liner regression analysis Sex and other ten variables with p value ≤0.1, including eGFR, proteinuria, and season, were taken into multiple regression model ever as independent variables so that we could assess their effects on HBI (Table 3). It should be noted that similar indicators were represented by a

variable that was easy to interpret clinically. For example, kidney function was expressed by eGFR. HBI increased with eGFR decreasing (p = 0.003) and was 54.7 mmHg×h higher in males than in females. Subjects with proteinuria had higher mean HBI than subjects without proteinuria by 43.5 mmHg×h (p = 0.05), and subjects whose measurements were taken in the winter had higher mean HBI than subjects whose measurements were taken in summer by 51.6 mmHg×h (p < 0.001). ABPM examination itself interfered with the sleep of some subjects, but the relationship between sleep and HBI values was not significant (p = 0.71). Table 3 Characteristic of systolic hyperbaric area index (HBI): multivariable analysis   Difference in systolic HBI (mmHg×h) p value Male(versus female) 54.7 <0.001 Age (10 years) 2.4 0.70 eGFR (10 mL/min/1.73 m2) −16.5 0.003 Proteinuria 43.5 0.05 Diabetes mellitus 72.6 <0.001 BMI (kg/m2) 5.8 0.001 SBP (10 mmHg) 44.0 <0.001 Nocturnal BP change (10 %) −47.1 <0.001 Nocturia 46.4 0.007 Much difficulty in sleep −5.8 0.71 Winter (versus Summer) 51.6 <0.001 Explanatory variables were chosen with sex and p value of ≤0.1 on univariate analysis.