The goal of this study was to determine whether folate-related

pregnancy complications could be due to altered expression of some inflammatory mediators or due to disturbances in methylation intermediates. Methods and results Pregnant mice with or without a deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were fed control diets or folate-deficient (FD) diets; tissues were collected at embryonic day 14.5. FD decreased plasma phosphocholine and increased plasma glycerophosphocholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. Liver betaine, phosphocholine, and S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratios were reduced in FD. In liver, spleen, and placenta, the lowest levels of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) were observed Sapanisertib order in Mthfr+/ mice fed FD. Increased interferon-gamma (IFN-) was observed in spleen and placentae due to FD or Mthfr genotype. Plasma homocysteine correlated negatively with liver and spleen ApoAI, and positively with IFN-. Conclusion Low dietary folate or Mthfr deficiency during pregnancy may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes by altering expression of the inflammatory mediators ApoAI and IFN- in spleen and placenta. Disturbances in choline metabolism JNK inhibitor order or methylation reactions may also play a role.”
“Background: The

association between endotoxin exposure and asthma is complex and has been associated with rural living. We examined the relationship between domestic endotoxin and asthma or wheeze among rural school-aged children (6-18 years) and assessed the interaction between endotoxin and other DMXAA Angiogenesis inhibitor characteristics with these outcomes.\n\nMethods: Between 2005 and 2007 we conducted a case-control study of children 6-18 years in the rural region of Humboldt, Canada. Cases (n = 102) reported doctor-diagnosed asthma or wheeze in the past year. Controls (n = 208) were randomly selected from children without asthma or wheeze. Data were collected to ascertain symptoms, asthma history and indoor environmental exposures (questionnaire), endotoxin (dust collection from the play area floor and child’s mattress), and tobacco smoke exposure

(saliva collection). Statistical testing was completed using multiple logistic regression to account for potential confounders and to assess interaction between risk factors. A stratified analysis was also completed to examine the effect of personal history of allergy.\n\nResults: Among children aged 6-12 years, mattress endotoxin concentration (EU/mg) and load (EU/m(2)) were inversely associated with being a case [odds ratio (OR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20-0.98; and OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.20-0.75, respectively]. These associations were not observed in older children or with play area endotoxin.\n\nConclusions: Our results suggest that endotoxin exposure might be protective for asthma or wheeze. The protective effect is found in younger school-aged, non-allergic children.