The cytotoxicity of CHX in RAW264.7 cells presented a dose- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The mode of cell death shifted from apoptosis to necrosis when the dosage of CHX increased. The genotoxicity of CHX in RAW264.7 cells had shown DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Prolongation of cell cycle
and the increase of ROS generation also expressed in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Taken together, the data suggested that CHX-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on macrophages may be via ROS generation. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 452-458, 2014.”
“Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which has been shown to be able PFTα mw to modulate the endocrine system of various organisms by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of 4-NP on steroid and thyroid AZD1208 hormone levels in sexually immature male yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus), a protandrous hermaphrodite species. For this, the fish were injected with ascending doses (10, 50, 100, and 200 mu g g(-1) body weight) of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) or vehicle during 2 weeks. After 7 and 14 days the fish were anesthetized, blood sample were collected and plasma steroid and thyroid hormone concentrations were quantified by radioimmunoassay. The result showed that 4-NP induced a significant increase in 17 beta-etradiol
levels at dose 10 mu g g(-1), while the levels of this hormone in the higher doses decreased compared with the control group. However, 4-NP treatment did not have any significant effect on plasma levels of testosterone. In addition, it was observed that 4-NP affect the level of thyroid hormones in fish. Plasma thyroxine levels increased in
a dose-dependent manner after 7 and 14 days of the exposure. In contrast, a significant decrease in triiodothyronine levels was observed during the experiment period. Moreover, no significant change was detected for thyroid stimulating hormone levels in 4-NP-treated fish. These Lazertinib ic50 results indicated that 4-NP could lead to disturb the balance of steroid and thyroid hormones with potential consequences for sexually immature male yellowfin seabream. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 459-465, 2014.”
“Lead-free bilayered multiferroic thin films consisting of BiFeO3(BFO) and CoFe2O4(CFO) layers with different thicknesses were grown on SrRuO3-coated Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by radio frequency sputtering. The effects of constituent layer thicknesses on the ferroelectric and magnetic behavior have been studied. The physical behaviors are shown to strongly depend on the thicknesses of the constituent layers. BFO (220 nm)/CFO (30 nm) bilayered thin film demonstrated much improved ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior (2P(r)=144.2 mu C/cm(2), 2E(c)=778.0 kV/cm, M-s = 61.2 emu/cm(3), and H-c=200.8 Oe) as compared to those of the single layer BFO thin film.