Concentrations of particulate matter in kitchens increase to the range of milligrams per cubic meter during cooking.
Solid fuel smoke possesses the majority of the toxins found in tobacco smoke and has also been associated with a variety of diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women, acute respiratory infection in children and lung cancer in women (if exposed to coal smoke). Other tobacco smoke-associated diseases, such as tuberculosis, Barasertib cost asthma, respiratory tract cancer and interstitial lung diseases, may also be associated with solid fuel smoke inhalation, but evidence is limited. As the desirable change to clean fuels is unlikely, efforts have been made to use efficient, vented wood or coal stoves, with varied success due to inconsistent acceptance by the community.”
“Objective: To characterize the quantitative changes of patella cartilage over time after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 mapping at 3.0 T.
Method: Twenty-six knees of 26 patients (23 women and three men, mean age,
75 years) with primary osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis of the knee underwent TKA with a zirconia ceramic implant in this prospective study. Twelve patients without patella resurfacing (NR group) and 14 patients with patella resurfacing (R group) had TKA with cemented fixation. The implant position was examined by radio-graph, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The clinical scores were checked pre-operatively, 1 year post-operatively and at SNX-5422 inhibitor the final follow-up. Patella cartilage and its thickness were evaluated pre-operatively and 1 year after TKA by dGEMRIC www.selleckchem.com/products/z-devd-fmk.html and T2 mapping in the NR group only. Patella cartilage was divided into eight regions of interest: the deep and superficial layers of the outer lateral and medial half, and the inner lateral and medial half from the central ridge.
Results: The implant position was
appropriate in all cases and clinical scores were not significantly different between the two groups. The post-operative dGEMRIC value of the outer medial half superficial zone in the NR group was significantly decreased compared with the pre-operation value (P < 0.05), whereas T2 mapping was not significantly changed in all zones. The cartilage thickness of the outer zone was significantly thinner post-operatively (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: These findings indicate that osteoarthritic changes in the outer zone of patella cartilage occurred 1 year after TKA. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This article raises ethical issues that result if individuals, during the course of research to measure the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, are identified with the disease but are not provided with or referred for appropriate treatment.