OBJECTIVE: To examine whether side-to-side nerve bridges between an intact donor nerve and a recipient selleck denervated distal nerve stump promote nerve growth and in turn, protect distal nerve stumps to improve axon regeneration after delayed surgical repair.
METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley rats, 1 or 3 side-to-side common peroneal (CP) nerve bridges were used to bridge between the donor intact tibial (TIB) nerve and a recipient denervated CP distal nerve stump in the contralateral hind limb. No bridges were placed in control animals. After
4 months, either a fluorescent retrograde dye was applied to back-label TIB motoneurons with axons that had grown into the CP nerve stump or the proximal and distal CP nerve stumps were resutured in experimental and control animals to encourage CP nerve regeneration for 5 months. Retrograde dyes were again applied to count CP motoneurons that regenerated their axons through protected and unprotected nerve stumps.
RESULTS: Significantly more donor TIB motoneurons regenerated axons into the recipient denervated CP nerve stump through
3 side-to-side CP nerve bridges compared with 1 bridge. This TIB nerve protection significantly increased the number of CP motoneurons regenerating axons through the denervated CP nerve stumps, the number of regenerated axons, and the weight of the reinnervated muscles.
CONCLUSION: Multiple side-to-side nerve bridges protect chronically denervated nerve stumps to improve axon regeneration and target reinnervation after delayed nerve repair.”
“BACKGROUND: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apo866-fk866.html Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, almost
always from saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA), is a devastating form of stroke that affects the working-age population. Cellular and molecular mechanisms predisposing to the rupture of the sIA wall are largely unknown. This knowledge would facilitate the design of novel diagnostic tools and therapies for the sIA disease.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate gene expression patterns distinguishing ruptured and unruptured sIA.
METHODS: We compared the whole-genome expression profile of 11 ruptured old sIA wall samples with that of 8 unruptured ones using oligonucleotide microarrays. Signaling pathways enriched in the ruptured sIA walls were identified with bioinformatic analyses. Their transcriptional control was predicted in silico by seeking the enrichment of conserved transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes.
RESULTS: Overall, 686 genes were significantly upregulated and 740 were downregulated in the ruptured sIA walls. Significantly upregulated biological processes included response to turbulent blood flow, chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, oxidative stress, vascular remodeling; and extracellular matrix degradation.